TAKHRIJ HADIS (TRACKING OF HADITH)

INTRODUCTION         

         Takhrij is is a form of 'masdar' (masdar often called the isim ma'na (إسم المعني), which suggests the meaning of a word / meaning regardless of time and period) of fi'il madhi (past tense verb), kharaja, yakhriju, takhrija, which literally means 'pulled something from somewhere'. Or in other words, etymologically, takhrij word comes from kharaja, which means al-zuhur (visible) and al-buruj (obviously). Takhrij also could mean al-istinbath (issued), al-tadrib (researching) and al-taujih (explain).

While the definition of takhrij, according to experts hadith has three meanings, are:

1. Search of sanad hadith contained in the book of hadith works of others, that is not the same as the sanad contained in the book. Such enterprises is called istikhraj. For example, someone took a hadith from the book Jami 'al-Sahih al-Muslim, then he searched the sanad of that hadith which different isnaad set by Muslims.
2. a statement that the hadith that moved into his work was also contained in the other books that have mentioned the name of the constituent.
3. an effort to find the degree of the sanad and hadith narrator that is not explained by composer or author of a book of hadith

THE BENEFITS of TAKHRIJ HADITH

There are several benefits of takhrij al-Hadith, among others:

1. Provide information that a hadith including saheeh hadeeth, hasan, or da'eef (weak hadith), after extensive research in terms of matan and isnaad.
2. Makes it easy for others who want to practice a hadith after  after learning that the quality of these hadith is makbûl  (acceptable). And otherwise, do not practice it when it is known that a hadith is mardûd (rejected) and reinforce the belief that a hadith is actually derived from the Holy Prophet  we should follow because of the strong evidence of the truth of the hadith, both in terms of the sanad and of matan.

THE BOOKS REQUIRED IN ORDER TO TAKHRIJ HADITH

There are some books (and it's also called 'dictionary of hadith') that needed to do takhrij hadith, the books are:

• Hidayat al-Bari ila Tartibi Ahâditsi Al-Bukhari

          Authors of this book is Ambar Abdurrahman al-Misri al-Tahtawi. The book is structured specifically to seek hadiths contained in Saheeh al-Bukhari. Pronunciations of hadith arranged in alphabetical order of Arabic, however the hadiths raised repeatedly in al-Saheeh are not loaded repeatedly in this dictionary hadith. Thus, differences in pronunciation of matan of al-Bukhari's hadith can not be known through this dictionary.

• Mu’jam Al-Fazi wala Syyiama al-Garibu minha (Fihris Litartibi ahaditsi Sahih Muslim)

          This book is one of the fifth chapters of the book of Sahih Muslim in edit by Mohammed Abdul Baqi. This fifth chapters is a dictionary of the sixth chapters, that contain; list the title of the book along with the number of hadith and chapter, and list the name of the Prophet's companions who narrated the hadith contained in Saheeh Muslim.

• Miftâhus Shahihain

          The book is compiled by Mohammed Syarif bin Mustafa al-Tauqadi. his book can be used to find the hadiths narrated by Muslim, but the hadiths contained in this book are simply hadiths in the form of words (qauliyah) only. The hadiths are arranged alphabetically, from the beginning of the hadith pronunciation / pronunciation of matan hadith.

• Al-Bugyatu fi Tarbi Ahadasi Al-Hilyah

          The book is compiled by Sayyid Abdul Aziz ibn al-Sayyid Mohammed bin Sayyid Siddiq al-Qammari. The book contains and explains the hadiths that are listed in book composed by Abu Nu'aim al-Asbuni (d. 430 of Hijra). 

• Al- Jamius Shagir

          This book was compiled by Imam Jalaludin Abdurrahman al-Suyuthi (d. 91 of Hijra). he book contains the hadiths collected in the book set by As-Suyuthi also, namely book Jami 'al-Jawani. Hadiths contained in the book is arranged in alphabetical order of the initial of matan pronunciation of hadith. Some of the hadiths are written in full and some are written in parts alone but have to contain a sufficient understanding.

• Al-Mujam Al-Mufahras li Alfazil Hadits Nabawi

          Authors of the book is a team from among the Orientalists. Among the team members are most active in the preparation process is Dr. Wensick John Arnold (d. 939 AD). He is a professor of Semitic languages​​, including Arabic at the University of Leiden, the Netherlands. The book is intended to find hadith by matan pronunciation of hadith guide. Various pronunciations presented are not restricted by the pronunciation in the middle and other parts of the matan of hadith. Thus the book Mu'jam able to provide information to searcher of matan and the sanad of hadith, with a note: that some of the pronunciation of matan that he was looking for he knew.

         Book Mu `jam consists of seven chapters and can be used to find the hadiths contained in the nine top most books of ahadith (known as kutub al-tis'ah), namely; Sahih Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sunan Abu Dawud, Sunan Tirmidhi, Sunan Nasai, Sunan Ibn Majah, Sunan Daromi, Muatta Malik, Musnad Ahmad.

HOW TO IMPLEMENT THE TAKHRIJ HADITH

           Broadly speaking, takhrij hadith (takhrij al-hadith) can be done in two ways, as for how the two ways are as follows:

• First, by knowing the beginning of matan of a hadith, then the hadith is searchable or traced in the books of hadith dictionary, by finding by finding suitable initial letter with the alphabet.
• Second, browse the hadith by topic issues (takhrij al-hadits bil maudhu'i). Efforts to find the hadith are sometimes not based on the pronunciation of matan (matter)of hadith but based on the subject matter. Search hadith on issues topic is greatly help for the reviewer who want to understand the instructions hadith in every context.

         Furthermore, Abdul Madjid Khon explained that because of many hadith books collection process it really needed some methods takhrij according to the technique of the hadith book that you want to conscientious. At least, there are five methods takhrij within the meaning of hadith tracking from the source books of hadith, namely; takhrij by words, takhrij by the theme, takhrij by the beginning of matan, takhrij through the first isnaad, and takhrij by nature.

          There are eight kinds of ways that can be used to track hadiths contained in the Nine Books of Hadith (kutub al-tis'ah), the hadith tracking methods are:

1. By choosing hadith contained in the list pronunciation according to the hadith in question.
2. By using one pronunciation in matan of hadith
3. Based on the content of hadith
4. Based on the book and the chapter as it is in the original book.
5. Based on the serial number of hadith
6. Based on the narrator.
7. Based on certain aspects of the hadith.
8. Based on takhrij hadith it self.

          Thus a brief article about takhrij hadith this time. Actually takhrij hadith activities is a complex activity and could only done by those who are professionals in the field of hadith. However, every muslim people required to know the basic knowledge of hadith because we should not accept something categorically laid down to the Holy Prophet. Because hadith is something that is important in Islam, which directly affects the shari'ah (law) in the religion of Islam.

        At least, every Muslim could know that a hadith is really word of the prophet Mohammed by analyzing the sentence. Usually the contents of saying of the Prophet composed of short sentences, clear, concise, and quality. Thus this article, may be useful. If anyone is needed or do not understand, we can discussion or sharing via the comments at the end of the blog. Hopefully Useful, Wassalamu'alaikum and Allah's blessings be with you all